What Does 3 Score Mean In The Bible

What Does "Three Score Years and Ten" Mean in the Bible? A Deep Dive into Biblical Longevity and its Symbolic Significance

The phrase "three score years and ten" is a well-known biblical expression that evokes images of a long and fulfilling life, or perhaps, the natural end of one's earthly journey. But what does it truly mean? This phrase, deeply rooted in the Psalms, holds layers of meaning extending beyond a simple numerical calculation. This article will delve into the historical context, the cultural significance of lifespan in ancient times, and the symbolic interpretations woven into the fabric of this evocative phrase.

Understanding the Numerical Value: Three Score Years and Ten

Let's start with the literal meaning. "Three score" refers to three times twenty, or sixty. Adding "ten" gives us seventy years. Therefore, "three score years and ten" equates to seventy years. This simple arithmetic forms the foundation of our exploration, but its significance stretches far beyond mere numbers.

The Biblical Context: Psalm 90 and the Human Lifespan

The phrase "threescore years and ten" originates from Psalm 90:10, which reads: "The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away."

This Psalm, attributed to Moses, offers a poignant reflection on the brevity and fragility of human life. It sets the stage for understanding the numerical value not as a guaranteed lifespan but as a common expectation within the context of ancient Israelite society.

Moses and the Psalmist's Perspective:

Moses, a figure who lived to a remarkably old age (120 years according to Deuteronomy 34:7), penned this Psalm. His perspective is crucial. He's not merely stating a statistical average; he's expressing a profound truth about the human condition – even with a lifespan exceeding the average, life remains fleeting and filled with toil and sorrow.

The Psalm doesn't present seventy years as an ideal lifespan, but as a general marker. The addition of "fourscore years" (eighty years) highlights the rarity of living beyond seventy, emphasizing that even longer lives are still ultimately short and filled with hardship. The "labour and sorrow" mentioned aren't simply physical hardships, but also encompass the emotional and spiritual struggles inherent in the human experience.

The Historical and Cultural Significance of Lifespan

Understanding the phrase requires considering the historical context of ancient Israel. Life expectancy in that era was significantly shorter than in modern times due to factors such as limited medical knowledge, frequent famines, wars, and infectious diseases. Seventy years would have represented a relatively long lifespan, a life that had seen many seasons and possibly witnessed significant historical events.

Comparing Lifespans Across Eras:

Comparing the average lifespan of ancient Israel with modern life expectancies underscores the difference. While modern societies enjoy significantly longer lifespans, the emotional weight of mortality hasn't changed. The psalmist's lament remains relevant, reminding us that even with advancements in medicine and technology, life is still finite. This perspective allows us to appreciate the profundity of the Psalmist's words.

Symbolic Interpretations: Beyond the Literal

The meaning of "three score years and ten" extends beyond the literal. It becomes a potent symbol within biblical and theological interpretations:

1. The Cycle of Life and Generational Change:

Seventy years often aligns with a complete generational cycle. A generation typically spans around thirty years, signifying that “threescore years and ten” encompasses approximately two and one-third generations. This reflects the ongoing passage of time and the cyclical nature of life, death, and renewal.

2. A Reflection on Human Mortality:

The Psalm emphasizes the fleeting nature of human life. The seventy years represent the ephemerality of existence, underscoring our need for wisdom, purpose, and a meaningful relationship with the divine. The phrase serves as a powerful reminder of our mortality, urging us to live each day purposefully.

3. The Divine Perspective on Time:

The Psalm contrasts human perception of time with God's eternal perspective. While seventy years might seem long from a human standpoint, it's but a fleeting moment in God's timeless existence. This contrast emphasizes the importance of living in accordance with God's will and seeking eternal life rather than focusing solely on earthly achievements.

4. A Call to Repentance and Faith:

The brevity of life, highlighted by the phrase, motivates reflection on our choices and actions. It serves as a catalyst for repentance and a deepening of our faith. Recognizing our mortality emphasizes the importance of seeking reconciliation with God and living a life that pleases Him.

Modern Interpretations and Relevance

The phrase "three score years and ten" continues to hold relevance in modern times. Its implications extend beyond a mere numerical value:

• Retirement and the Next Chapter: In many cultures, seventy marks a significant milestone, often associated with retirement. The phrase can evoke contemplation on the transition from active work life to a new chapter of life, filled with pursuits and passions beyond professional obligations.

• Reflection and Legacy: Reaching seventy often prompts individuals to reflect on their accomplishments, relationships, and the impact they've had on the world. The phrase serves as a reminder to consider the legacy we leave behind.

• Appreciating Time's Value: In our fast-paced world, the phrase offers a potent reminder to cherish the present moment and appreciate the limited time we have. It encourages intentionality and mindful living.

Conclusion: A Timeless Message

The phrase "three score years and ten" is far more than a simple numerical expression. Embedded within Psalm 90, it carries profound theological, historical, and cultural significance. It speaks of the brevity of human life, the importance of living purposefully, and the eternal perspective of God. Its enduring relevance extends beyond ancient Israel, reminding us in every age of the preciousness of time, the importance of living a life of meaning, and the ultimate hope we find in faith. While the literal interpretation may be a specific lifespan, the deeper meaning resonates with the human experience across cultures and throughout history, making it a timeless message of profound significance. The Psalm urges us to use the time we have wisely, to live a life pleasing to God, and to find comfort and hope in the face of our own mortality. It's a message that continues to inspire reflection and guide our lives today.